Glossary · Clinical
Favipiravir
Broad-spectrum antiviral developed in Japan against influenza (Fujifilm Toyama, 2014). Now being explored against Andes hantavirus — efficacy not yet demonstrated.
Favipiravir (code T-705, trade name Avigan) is a broad-spectrum antiviral developed by Fujifilm Toyama Chemical and approved in Japan in 2014 against influenza. Its mechanism: it inhibits viral RNA polymerase — the enzyme RNA viruses need to replicate. This biological target makes it potentially active against a broad family of viruses, which prompts its episodic exploration whenever a new threat emerges (Ebola, COVID-19, Lassa…).
Why it resurfaces with hantavirus #
On 24 May 2026, HHS Secretary Robert F. Kennedy Jr. signs a targeted PREP Act declaration published in the Federal Register (document 2026-10539). It legally protects the investigational use of favipiravir as a potential treatment for hantavirus pulmonary syndrome, within the scope of the MV Hondius outbreak and its chain of transmission. The measure is in force until 18 July 2026.
Efficacy not demonstrated against Andes #
This is the core point to remember, and one that the PREP Act declaration itself implicitly recalls: legal protection does not prejudge clinical efficacy. The available data on favipiravir against the Andes virus are limited to animal studies. No human phase 3 clinical trial has demonstrated, to date, that it improves HPS prognosis.
This is the same logic seen for the USAMRIID DNA vaccine candidate: the bottleneck is not the availability of a plausible molecule, but the difficulty of proving its efficacy when the disease is too rare to run a phase 3 trial.
Availability: a drug without a producer #
A central point, revealed at the French Senate hearing of 20 May 2026 by Prof. Karine Lacombe (head of infectious diseases, Saint-Antoine, AP-HP): « it is the only treatment with preclinical and animal-model efficacy. The problem is that there are currently no producers at the global scale. […] There is major European work to source this drug and above all to restart its manufacture. »
In other words: a US PREP Act declaration lifting liability barriers for investigational use has little to protect as long as the production chain has not been restored. That is the blind spot the French Senate flagged — and the ongoing European industrial stake.
Known adverse effects #
Favipiravir is teratogenic in animals (contraindicated during pregnancy) and can raise liver enzymes and uric acid. Its use in Japan has been tightly regulated since approval in 2014.
For the broader picture of hantavirus treatment, see our articles on symptoms and treatment and vaccine research status.
Key figures
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2014
Year favipiravir was approved in Japan (trade name Avigan, code T-705) for the treatment of influenza in case of failure or unavailability of conventional antivirals, by Fujifilm Toyama Chemical.
Furuta et al., « Favipiravir (T-705), a broad spectrum inhibitor of viral RNA polymerase » (PMC)
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24 May 2026
Date HHS Secretary RFK Jr. signed a targeted PREP Act declaration protecting the investigational use of favipiravir against Andes virus — within the MV Hondius scope, in force until 18 July 2026.
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0
Number of currently active producers at the global scale, per Karine Lacombe (head of infectious diseases, Saint-Antoine, AP-HP) at the French Senate hearing of 20 May 2026: « the only treatment with preclinical and animal-model efficacy [against hantavirus] » — manufacturing has stopped, with a « major European effort » under way to restart it.
French Senate — round table « Hantavirus: what epidemic risk in France today? » (20 May 2026)
Standards & references
- Furuta et al. — Favipiravir, broad-spectrum inhibitor of viral RNA polymerase (PMC) — Reference scientific review on favipiravir's mechanism of action and antiviral spectrum.
- Federal Register — PREP Act Andes virus declaration (2026-10539) — Official US document framing the investigational use of favipiravir against the Andes virus (24 May 2026 → 18 July 2026).
Frequently asked questions
What is favipiravir?
Favipiravir (T-705, trade name Avigan) is a broad-spectrum antiviral developed by Fujifilm Toyama Chemical and approved in Japan in 2014 against influenza. Its mechanism: it inhibits the viral RNA polymerase, the enzyme RNA viruses need to replicate. It has been studied against several RNA viruses (Ebola, COVID-19, Lassa fever…) with mixed results.
Does favipiravir cure Andes hantavirus?
Not demonstrated. To date, its efficacy against the Andes virus rests on limited animal data and not on human phase 3 clinical trials. The PREP Act declaration of 24 May 2026 simply lifts liability barriers for its investigational use within the MV Hondius scope — it does not prejudge actual clinical benefit.
What adverse effects?
Favipiravir is teratogenic in animals (contraindicated during pregnancy) and can raise liver enzymes and uric acid. Its use has been tightly regulated in Japan since approval in 2014.
Further reading
- Favipiravir (T-705) — scientific review — Furuta et al. (PMC) (scientific review)
- Declaration under the PREP Act for Medical Countermeasures against Andes Virus — Federal Register (document 2026-10539) (US federal document)
- Hantavirus: what epidemic risk in France today? (round table, 20 May 2026) — French Senate — video + transcript (parliamentary hearing)